WASHINGTON — Education was historically considered a great equalizer in American society, capable of lifting less advantaged children and improving their chances for success as adults. But a body of recently published scholarship suggests that the achievement gap between rich and poor children is widening, a development that threatens to dilute education’s leveling effects.
It is a well-known fact that children from affluent families tend to do better in school. Yet the income divide has received far less attention from policy makers and government officials than gaps in student accomplishment by race.
Now, in analyses of long-term data published in recent months, researchers are finding that while the achievement gap between white and black students has narrowed significantly over the past few decades, the gap between rich and poor students has grown substantially during the same period.
“We have moved from a society in the 1950s and 1960s, in which race was more consequential than family income, to one today in which family income appears more determinative of educational success than race,” said Sean F. Reardon, a Stanford University sociologist. Professor Reardon is the author of a study that found that the gap in standardized test scores between affluent and low-income students had grown by about 40 percent since the 1960s, and is now double the testing gap between blacks and whites.
In another study, by researchers from the University of Michigan, the imbalance between rich and poor children in college completion — the single most important predictor of success in the work force — has grown by about 50 percent since the late 1980s.
The changes are tectonic, a result of social and economic processes unfolding over many decades. The data from most of these studies end in 2007 and 2008, before the recession’s full impact was felt. Researchers said that based on experiences during past recessions, the recent downturn was likely to have aggravated the trend.
“With income declines more severe in the lower brackets, there’s a good chance the recession may have widened the gap,” Professor Reardon said. In the study he led, researchers analyzed 12 sets of standardized test scores starting in 1960 and ending in 2007. He compared children from families in the 90th percentile of income — the equivalent of around $160,000 in 2008, when the study was conducted — and children from the 10th percentile, $17,500 in 2008. By the end of that period, the achievement gap by income had grown by 40 percent, he said, while the gap between white and black students, regardless of income, had shrunk substantially.
Maybe if we just fire the "bottom" 10% of teachers every year, based upon test score results of their students, as President Obama, Governor 1% and Herr Bloomberg want to do, that will close the achievement gap between rich and poor.
Right?
Uh, no:
One reason for the growing gap in achievement, researchers say, could be that wealthy parents invest more time and money than ever before in their children (in weekend sports, ballet, music lessons, math tutors, and in overall involvement in their children’s schools), while lower-income families, which are now more likely than ever to be headed by a single parent, are increasingly stretched for time and resources. This has been particularly true as more parents try to position their children for college, which has become ever more essential for success in today’s economy.
A study by Sabino Kornrich, a researcher at the Center for Advanced Studies at the Juan March Institute in Madrid, and Frank F. Furstenberg, scheduled to appear in the journal Demography this year, found that in 1972, Americans at the upper end of the income spectrum were spending five times as much per child as low-income families. By 2007 that gap had grown to nine to one; spending by upper-income families more than doubled, while spending by low-income families grew by 20 percent.
“The pattern of privileged families today is intensive cultivation,” said Dr. Furstenberg, a professor of sociology at the University of Pennsylvania
You see, it's a complex problem that cannot be blamed on schools or teachers - it's partly societal, it's partly economic - but that won't stop the powers that be from blaming it on teachers and schools.
This should have been kind of a no-brainer in the first place.
ReplyDeleteWho at all would be surprised by this. Bloomberg knows this. The politicians know this. My goodness, my father who received an education the equivalant of 5th grade growing up poor in Northern Italy and still speaks broken English would tell you this makes sense. The problem is that no one in the power structure wants to say it. It would mean addressing a problem so complex, so daunting very few if any people have realistic solutions to it. Individuals who take on problems such as socioeconomical issues or in this case the gap in education brought about by such issues on a grand scale do not come around every 10 years -they come around every century or so. The point being: no one has the balls to take on this issue for what it is. Easier to blame the teachers. Be well!
ReplyDeletehey, why not leave ed policy to educators who work in the schools and in the classroom? most all teachers i see are passionate, engaged and want to help. they have the education and expertise to know what works and doesn't. micro-managing by bureaucrats without any classroom time is like having lay people diagnose medical problems. school problems should be treated like a medical epidemic. we treat the symptoms but not the cause which is poverty and culture. good hygiene got rid of the plaque not moving people around. safe sex prevents disease not changing partners. it seems we are being controlled by the plutocrats.
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